Senator Tommy Norment (R-Williamsburg)
- Party
- Republican
- District
- 3: Gloucester County (All), New Kent County (All), King and Queen County (All), King William County (All), Poquoson City (All), Isle of Wight County (Part), James City County (Part), Surry County (Part), York County (Part), Hampton City (Part), Suffolk City (Part) [map]
- Took Office
- January 1992
- Next Election
- November 2015
- Committees
- Commerce and Labor, Courts of Justice (Chair), Finance, Rehabilitation and Social Services, Rules
- Website
- senatornorment.com
- Copatroning Habits
- 58% of bills he copatroned were introduced by Republicans. Of all of the copatrons of his bills, 59% of them are Republicans. Of all of the copatrons of all of the bills that he also copatroned, 57% of them are Republicans.
- Partisanship
-
- Tag Cloud

- Bills Passed
- 33.3% in 2013
- Bio
Senate minority leader.
| Donor | Sector | Total |
|---|---|---|
| Virginia Trial Lawyers Association | Attorneys & law firms | $15,000 |
| Minor Iii, G Gilmer | Pharmaceutical wholesale | $15,000 |
| Virginia Association Of Realtors | Real estate | $13,500 |
| Verizon | Telecommunications | $12,500 |
| Virginia Bankers Association | Commercial banks & bank holding companies | $11,884 |
| Ace Cash Express | Payday/Title Loans | $11,382 |
| Alpha Natural Resources | Coal mining | $11,358 |
| Virginia Automobile & Truck Dealers Association | Auto dealers, new & used | $10,500 |
| Dominion | Energy production & distribution | $8,559 |
| Allegheny Energy | Gas & electric utilities | $8,250 |
Data provided by The National Institute on Money in State Politics.
Grover Norquist: “The Tax Hike Must Be Repealed” – Bearing Drift ...May 17, 2013 |
SWAC Girl: 14th Senate District: Cosgrove piles up endorsementsMay 2, 2013 |
John Miller responds to Sen Tommy Norment's redistricting attack ...April 26, 2013 |
Gloucester, VA, Board of Supervisors Ask Senator Tommy Norment ...March 7, 2013 |
BLACK VELVET BRUCE LI : Tommy Norment Gets In Trouble?September 2, 2011 |
Patch.com: Del. Albo Recognized with Three Service Awards By Virginia Chamber of ...May 19, 2013 |
Daily Press: Chopra airs first TV adMay 17, 2013 |
Americans for Tax Reform: ATR Urges Virginia Candidates to Support Repeal of Gov. McDonnell's Tax HikeMay 16, 2013 |
Williamsburg Yorktown Daily: Hometown: GA Says Happy 100th Birthday to Ruby JonesMay 11, 2013 |
Daily Press: Norment a no-show at HRTPOMay 1, 2013 |
These are all of the video clips of Tommy Norment’s remarks on the floor of the Senate since 2009. There are 673 video clips in all.
Index
Bills
- SB268: Virginia Racing Commission; authorizes wagering on historical horse racing & allocation of proceeds.
- SB269: Physical education, high school; JROTC participation fulfills requirement.
- SB1122: Deadman's Statute; corroboration of testimony by business records, authentication of records.
- SB1123: Virginia Shakespeare Festival; designating as official Shakespeare festival.
- SB1125: Virginia Condominium Act; casualty insurance for common areas.
- SB1126: Workers' compensation; injuries to public safety employees.
- SB1129: General Assembly; general appropriation bills.
- SB1130: Incest; definitions of parent, etc.; penalty.
- SB1135: Continuances; appearance of parties.
- SB1220: Virginia College Savings Plan; deposit of income tax refunds.
- SB1221: Virginia College Savings Plan, Board of; elected positions, technical amendments.
- SB1222: Handheld personal communications devices; mandatory minimum fine when convicted of reckless driving.
- SB1223: Public schools; evaluation policies and grievance procedures.
- SB1266: Nonconsecutive jail times; court to sentence defendant to weekend days, etc.
- SB1272: DUI; penalty when person is convicted of felony offense, punishment for subsequent violation.
- SB1333: Jamestown-Yorktown Foundation; membership.
- SB1334: Virginia Freedom of Information Act; exemption for Commonwealth's Attorneys' Services Council.
- SB1337: Civil cases; conduct of business activity, permissible venue.
- SB1357: Unemployment benefits; eligibility of graduate student benefits based on summer employment.
- SB1358: Water and sewer system; adds Gloucester County to counties requiring connection by property owners.
- SJ363: Virginia Criminal Sentencing Commission; confirming appointment of Chairman.
- SJ440: Celebrating the life of the Honorable Gordon Duane Holloway.
- SJ441: Commending Sheri Cooper Osborne.
- SJ442: Celebrating the life of Delbert Ralph Snyder.
- SJ443: Commending Travis Brust.
- SJ444: Celebrating the life of Andrew John Hungerman III.
- SJ450: Commending Billy Apperson.
- SJ451: Commending the York-James City-Williamsburg branch of the NAACP.
- SJ452: Celebrating the life of Joseph A. Gutierrez, Jr.
- SJ453: Celebrating the life of Trevor Jordan Times.
- SJ454: Celebrating the life of Lewis C. Waltrip, Sr.
- SR49: Commending Golden Horseshoe Golf Club.
- SR50: Celebrating the life of Waldemar M. Riley.
- SB266: Community-based continuing care (CBCC) providers; required to be registered with SCC.
- SB267: Appropriation bills; House Appropriations and Senate Finance issue reports with budget conference.
- SB268: Virginia Racing Commission; authorizes wagering on historical horse racing & allocation of proceeds.
- SB269: Physical education, high school; JROTC participation fulfills requirement.
- SB270: Notaries; shall not perform notarial acts to which he or his spouse is a party, exceptions.
- SB411: Va. Fire Services Board and State Board of Juvenile Justice; powers & duties.
- SB412: Sex offender registry; juvenile registration.
- SB413: Renewable energy portfolio standard program; credits for investments.
- SB414: Retail Sales and Use Tax; clarifies amount of revenue authorized tourism project is entitled.
- SB602: Charter; Town of West Point.
- SB672: Hampton Roads Sanitation District; amends enabling act, etc.
- SB682: Humphries, Kevin W.; transfers his service pistol to his widow, Kristen P. Humphries.
- SJ54: Celebrating the life of Cynthia Bentley Collings Andrews.
- SJ55: Celebrating the life of Ronald Anthony Campana.
- SJ56: Commending Garretts Grocery.
- SJ63: Celebrating the life of Shirley Ann Martin.
- SJ72: Commending the Tidewater Chapter of the PKD Foundation.
- SJ113: Celebrating the life of the Honorable Elmon T. Gray.
- SJ198: Celebrating the life of Michael A. Bucci.
- SR1: Rules of Senate; establishing, previous provisions superseded.
- SR522: Judges; nominations for election to general district court.
- SB720: Tuition; covered higher educational institutions to charge based on ability to pay.
- SB746: Marijuana, synthetic; penalties for possession, intent to sell, distribute, etc.
- SB1181: DUI; raises penalty for maiming, etc.
- SB1182: Bar Examiners, Board of; expands methods of submitting an application to take bar exam.
- SB1183: Legislative sessions; no bills may introduced in an odd-year regular session, exception.
- SB1184: Certificates of analysis; adds Forensic Document Laboratory as authorized lab in criminal matters.
- SB1185: Sex offenders; prohibiting entry onto school grounds during school-related activities.
- SB1186: Marijuana, synthetic; penalties for possession, intent to sell, distribute, etc.
- SB1187: Law-enforcement training; reimbursement for.
- SB1188: Aircraft sales and use tax; exemption for qualified companies headquartered in Virginia.
- SB1189: Charter; City of Williamsburg.
- SB1190: Aquaculture production activities; authority of local governments.
- SB1191: Motor vehicle dealers and manufacturers; places limitations and conditions on relationship.
- SB1192: Alcoholic beverage control; ownership interests of manufacturers.
- SB1193: Tourism zones; tax revenues for tourism projects.
- SB1341: Locksmiths; licensure and registration.
- SB1342: Uniform Statewide Building Code; buildings used by fraternal organizations.
- SB1343: Retail Sales and Use Tax; commercial and industrial exemptions.
- SB1344: Historic Triangle area; additional transient occupancy tax.
- SB1345: Legislative Services, Division of; provide support only to commissions created by General Assembly.
- SB1346: Elections; distribution of mail voter registration application forms.
- SB1347: Virginia Racing Commission; authorizes wagering on horse historical racing.
- SB1348: Enterprise zone incentive grants; policies and procedures for allocation.
- SB1349: Small Business Financing Authority; definition of eligible business.
- SB1350: Real property tax assessments; appeals.
- SB1351: Wireless telecommunications devices; prohibits answering a call unless in hands-free mode.
- SB1352: Local governments; private capital lending.
- SB1353: Appropriation bills; Chairmen of House Appropriations & Senate Finance Committees to issue reports.
- SB1354: Grass and weeds; adds James City County to list authorized to require cutting on occupied property.
- SB1355: General Assembly; compensation during regular session extension.
- SB1413: State Corporation Commission staff; discovery of settlement negotiations.
- SB1414: Virginia Liaison Office; changes title to Office of Intergovernmental Affairs.
- SB1429: Virginia Racing Commission; net pool wagering, retainage.
- SJ137: Constitutional amendment; Transportation Funds (first reference).
- SJ363: Constitutional amendment; Transportation Funds.
- SJ461: Celebrating the life of First Lieutenant Todd W. Weaver.
- SJ462: Celebrating the life of Nancy Smith Bradshaw.
- SJ463: Celebrating the life of Suzanne P. Scull.
- SJ464: Celebrating the life of Patty Lee Gilbertson.
- SJ465: Celebrating the life of William Edward Dudley Digges.
- SJ466: Celebrating the life of Sophocles John Dokos.
- SJ467: Celebrating the life of Ann Richardson Yankovich.
- SJ468: Commending The College of William and Mary School of Education on its 50th anniversary.
- SJ522: Commending the UCI World Road Cycling Championship on the occasion of the 2015 Championship.
- SJ523: Celebrating the life of Henry S. Branscome.
- SB511: Settlement payment; insurer to provide notice to a judgment creditor upon payment of $5,000.
- SB512: General Assembly Conflicts of Interests Act; disclosure of salary.
- SB513: Racing Commission; distribution of allocations from live and simulcast horse racing.
- SB514: General Assembly; compensation during regular session extension.
- SB515: Budget bill; required reports from House Appropriations and Senate Finance Committees.
- SB516: Electric Utility Regulation, Commission on; extends sunset provision.
- SB517: Wireless telecommunications devices; prohibits talking on such device unless in hands-free mode.
- SB518: Safety belts; primary enforcement when violations are observed at traffic safety checkpoints.
- SB519: License plates; provides for issuance of only one plate for all registered vehicles.
- SB520: Capital murder; auxiliary police officers and deputy sheriffs added to statute.
- SB521: Local ordinances; determination of constitutionality.
- SB522: Motorcycle dealers; increases radius of relevant market areas as that term applies thereto.
- SB523: Disaster Response Fund; funds to be disbursed for removal of Chinese drywall hazardous materials.
- SB524: General Assembly Conflicts of Interests Act; establishment of General Assembly Ethics Review Panel.
- SB525: Cooperative Marketing Fund; dedicates revenues from soft drink excise tax and litter tax thereto.
- SB526: Mandatory dispute resolution; parties in cases involving custody, visitation, etc., must attend.
- SB527: Motor vehicle dealers and manufacturers; addresses certain practices relating to warranty, etc.
- SB578: Cigarette tax, local; authorizes Counties of James City and Spotsylvania to impose.
- SB718: Private capital lending; allows local government, etc., to enter into certain conduit agreements.
- SB719: Courts not of record; appeals in civil cases.
- SB720: Tuition; covered higher educational institutions to charge based on ability to pay.
- SJ137: Constitutional amendment; Transportation Funds (first reference).
- SJ147: General Assembly; joint committee of Senate and House to be established to study ethic issues.
- SJ163: Celebrating the life of Albert R. Meadows.
- SJ200: Celebrating the life of Adolphus Gilliam Bradshaw.
- SJ201: Celebrating the life of Michael E. Mares.
- SJ202: Celebrating the life of Nathaniel H. Reid, Jr.
- SJ203: Celebrating the life of Robert J. Frank, M.D.
- SJ230: Commending Jeanne F. Zeidler.
- SJ231: Commending Myrtle Bailey.
- SJ264: Celebrating the life of Sergeant Paul E. Dumont, Jr., USA.
- SB601: Alcoholic beverages; changes penalty for underage possession.
- SB705: William and Mary, College of; management agreement with State.
- SB1264: Wages and salaries; employer to pay by credit to prepaid debit card or card account.
- SB1393: Removal of public official; no person who signs petition for removal of shall be liable for costs.
- SB1394: Removal of public official; no person who signs petition for removal of shall be liable for costs.
- SB1395: Visitors, board of; William & Mary, VCU, & VPI&SU boards authorized to invest & manage funds.
- SB1396: Purchase of service handgun; certain law-enforcement officers to purchase their handgun.
- SB1397: Racing Commission; allocations from simulcast horse racing.
- SB1398: Transportation corridors; Transportation Board to establish connection with Transportation Plan.
- SB1399: Commission for Allocating Funds to Nonstate Agencies; created.
- SB1401: Budget Bill(s); Chairman of House Appropriations Committee, etc. to issue reports concurrently.
- SB1402: Improper driving; increases maximum penalty.
- SB1403: General Assembly; compensation during regular session extension.
- SB1404: Public service towing services; prohibits establishment of any regulatory scheme therefor.
- SB1405: Richard Daley Mahone Memorial Bridge; designating as Route 143 bridge over Queens Creek.
- SB1406: City of Williamsburg; charter.
- SB1407: Criminal history record checks; adds Rita Welsh Adult Literacy Program to agencies to receive free.
- SB1408: Safety belt enforcement; allows for when violations are observed by officers at checkpoints.
- SB1409: Capital murder; adds auxiliary police officers, etc., to definition of law-enforcement officer.
- SB1410: Motor vehicle dealers; revises responsibility of manufacturers toward dealers.
- SB1530: Subdivision streets; acceptance into state secondary highway system.
- SJ91: Constitutional amendment; Transportation Funds (first reference).
- SJ361: Constitutional amendment; Transportation Funds (first reference).
- SJ362: Restorative justice; Crime Commission shall investigate legal and practical issues surrounding.
- SJ426: Celebrating the life of William Jennings Hargis, Jr.
- SJ427: Celebrating the life of Alvin P. Anderson.
- SJ428: Commending Sanford B. Wanner.
- SJ429: Celebrating the life of Robin Preston Stanaway.
- SJ430: Celebrating the life of the Honorable Norvell Prentis Smiley, Jr.
- SJ494: Celebrating the life of Robert Saunier Hornsby, Jr.
- SJ495: Commending Mike Tomlin.
- SJ496: Commending the United Way of Greater Williamsburg.
- SJ497: Commending Bishop-elect William M. Dawson.
- SJ510: Celebrating the life of Jean Waltrip.
- SR20: Senate; encourages timely communication and reports from any conference on budget bills.
- SB591: Tourism zones, local; increases number of years which tax incentives may be provided therein.
- SB592: Animal protection and fighting; broadens penalty.
- SB593: Freedom of Information Act; confidential records discussion to be conducted in non-public meeting.
- SB594: Dams; exempts owners of those not dangerous & historically significant from correcting deficiencies.
- SB595: Regional jails; extends deadline for consideration of construction, enlargement, etc. thereof.
- SB596: Electric Utility Restructuring, Commission on; continue as Commission on Electric Utility Regulation
- SB597: Simulcast horse racing; Racing Commission authorizes wagering thereon & allocates proceeds.
- SB598: ABC agent; assault and battery against, penalty.
- SB599: Retirement System; additional creditable service for special forest wardens.
- SB600: License plates, special; issuance to supporters of the Colonial Williamsburg Foundation.
- SB601: Alcoholic beverages; changes penalty for underage possession.
- SB602: Medical malpractice; definition of professional services.
- SB603: Charter; City of Williamsburg.
- SB683: Higher Education Board Appointments, Commission on; removes sunset provision.
- SB705: William and Mary, College of; management agreement with State.
- SB706: Hampton Roads Sanitation District; redefines term sewage disposal system.
- SB707: Towing and Recovery Operators, Board of; powers, duties, and regulations.
- SB770: Transient occupancy tax; used for advertising Historic Triangle area.
- SB6008: Virginia Racing Commission; simulcast horse racing; allocations.
- SJ90: Restorative justice; Crime Commission to study.
- SJ91: Constitutional amendment; Transportation Funds (first reference).
- SJ234: Celebrating the life of Richard A. Williamson.
- SJ235: Celebrating the life of James S. Burgett.
- SJ236: Celebrating the life of Walter B. Dutton.
- SJ237: Celebrating the life of Carl A. Barrs.
- SJ238: Commending Nolan T. Yelich.
- SJ239: Commending the Colonial Williamsburg Fifes and Drums on the occasion of its 50th anniversary.
- SJ244: Celebrating the life of Laura Anne Yacobi Bateman.
- SJ271: Commending and expressing appreciation to the hosts, planners, organizers, volunteers, and sponsors
- SJ6002: Constitutional amendment (first resolution); Transportation Funds.
- SJ6003: Constitutional amendment (first resolution); Transportation Funds.
- SJ6017: Commending the James City-Bruton Volunteer Fire Department.
- SJ6018: Commending Norge Community Hall on the occasionof its 100th anniversary.
- SB153: Motor vehicles, used; pre-purchase inspection notification of those for sale.
- SB154: Evidence; chain of custody form attested to by emp. of law-enforcement agency responsible therefor.
- SB160: Health insurance; payment for services rendered by non-participating providers.
- SB285: Highway construction districts; transfers Gloucester County from Fredericksburg to Hampton Roads.
- SB466: Clerks, sheriffs, etc.; not to receive payment from treasury for services rendered in certain cases.
- SB471: DUI of alcohol or drugs; term inference replaces presumption relating to alleged offense.
- SB927: Sexual offenses; prohibiting entry of those convicted onto school property, penalty.
- SB1015: Campaign finance disclosure; filings of candidate reports.
- SB1016: Jail farms; may be used to hold or confine person who could be held in county or city jail.
- SB1017: Adoption; exception to requirement that spouses file a joint petition.
- SB1126: Property damage or personal injury; parental liability for their child.
- SB1127: Magistrates; issuance of warrants.
- SB1128: Transportation infrastructure; VDOT to submit biennial report on maintenance and operation thereof.
- SB1129: Order books; microfilming thereof, master reel provided to Library of Virginia.
- SB1130: Watercraft; maiming of another resulting from operating thereof while intoxicated.
- SB1291: BPOL tax; requires contractor to provide proof of license when applying for local business license.
- SB1292: Home ownership; deletes requirement that separate ordinance be passed for each grant.
- SB1293: Clerks, sheriffs, etc.; localities exempt from paying fees for certain services.
- SB1294: Sentencing proceeding; victim impact testimony and prior convictions may be presented to jury.
- SB1295: Freedom of Information Act; exemption for persons designated to carry out execution.
- SB1296: Eminent domain; definition of public uses and limitations thereon.
- SB1297: Condemnation action; requires owner to provide written report of appraisal.
- SB1299: George P. Coleman Bridge; requires that tolls be removed therefrom.
- SB1410: Recorded simulcast horse racing; State to receive certain percentage.
- SB1416: Electric utility service; advances scheduled expiration of capped rate period.
- SB1417: Transportation funding and reform; provides statewide funding of projects.
- SB1427: Senate; sale of surplus laptop computers to current members.
- SJ58: Constitutional amendment; Transportation Funds (first reference).
- SJ371: Constitutional amendment; assessments of real property (first reference).
- SJ372: Health insurance; joint subcommittee to study experience pool for educators, etc.
- SJ373: Constitutional amendment; Transportation Fund, Transportation Trust Fund, etc. (first reference).
- SJ393: Real property tax classifications and homestead exemption program; joint subcommittee to study.
- SJ404: Eminent domain; JLARC to conduct comprehensive study of use thereof by governmental entities.
- SJ478: Commending the hosts, speakers, planners, coordinators, participants, volunteers, and citizens invol
- SJ479: Commemorating the settlement of Jamestown on the occasion of its 400th anniversary.
- SJ480: Celebrating the life of Earl Nickoll Levitt.
- SJ481: Commending Judith N. Knudson.
- SJ482: Celebrating the life of James D. Kornwolf.
- SJ483: Commending the Alan Bukzin Memorial bone marrow drive.
- SJ484: Celebrating posthumously the life and heroism of Edward Ratcliff.
- SJ485: Celebrating the life of Walter J. Scruggs.
- SJ486: Commending Charles A. Banks.
- SJ510: Celebrating the life of Darth Edward Turner.
- SR37: Senate; 2007 operating budget.
- SR40: Commending Laura Jane Atkinson May Dwyer.
- SB152: Motor vehicle dealers; warranty obligations.
- SB153: Motor vehicles, used; pre-purchase inspection notification of those for sale.
- SB154: Evidence; chain of custody form attested to by emp. of law-enforcement agency responsible therefor.
- SB155: Income tax, corporate; charitable contributions for Hurricane Rita relief efforts.
- SB156: Appeals, Court of; additional compensation for chief judge.
- SB157: Courts Technology Fund; created, increase in certain fees.
- SB158: Sickness and Disability Program; adds judge to definition of eligible employee.
- SB159: Virginia Public Building Authority; bonds to finance capital projects.
- SB160: Health insurance; payment for services rendered by non-participating providers.
- SB161: Health insurance; assignment of benefits to emergency room physicians.
- SB162: Administrative Process Act; exempts regulations adopted by Bd. for Housing & Community Development.
- SB163: George P. Coleman Bridge; tolls to be removed therefrom.
- SB284: Computer crimes; removes term without authority from definition of fraud.
- SB285: Highway construction districts; transfers Gloucester County from Fredericksburg to Hampton Roads.
- SB325: Parking of vehicles in Capitol Square; prohibits parking of personal vehicles thereby.
- SB466: Clerks, sheriffs, etc.; not to receive payment from treasury for services rendered in certain cases.
- SB467: Williamsburg Area Transit Authority; created.
- SB468: Transient occupancy tax; eliminates sunset provision in Counties of James City and York.
- SB469: District courts; remove case to circuit ct. if dismissal on basis that statute is unconstitutional.
- SB470: Sex crimes against children; mandatory minimum term of confinement for certain offenses.
- SB471: DUI of alcohol or drugs; term inference replaces presumption relating to alleged offense.
- SB472: Absentee ballot applications; registrar may compare voter's signature on ballot to registration.
- SB473: Predicate criminal act; addition to list of crimes included in definition.
- SB482: Law practices; allows those who are not active members of State Bar to render professional services.
- SB483: Grass & weeds, high; Hampton Roads area to require by ordinance cutting thereof.
- SB484: Jimmy Maloney Memorial Highway; designating as portion of Route 60W.
- SB485: Jack L. Massie Memorial Bridge; designating as Route 199 twin bridges over College Creek.
- SB486: Virginia Military Institute; reduces minimum number of cadets admitted annually free.
- SB504: Estate tax; conformity of state and federal statutes.
- SB693: Capitol Square, Council on; created.
- SB711: Electric Utility Restructuring, Commission on; powers and duties.
- SB714: Retail Sales and Use Tax; exemptions for extraction and processing of natural gas and oil.
- SJ58: Constitutional amendment; Transportation Funds (first reference).
- SJ61: Celebrating the life of Marguerite Bozarth Davis.
- SJ62: Celebrating the life of Trist Bringier McConnell.
- SJ63: Celebrating the life of Vernon Meredith Geddy, Jr.
- SJ64: Commending John H. Chichester.
- SJ65: Commending Jones, Blechman, Woltz and Kelly, P.C.
- SJ115: Commending Dr. Carol S. Beers.
- SJ116: Commending Corinne Garland.
- SJ117: Celebrating the life of Jack L. Massie.
- SJ118: Celebrating the life of Norman G. Beatty.
- SJ119: Commending Timothy J. Sullivan.
- SJ185: Inpatient psychiatric facilities, licensed; JLARC to study use and financing thereof.
- SJ306: General Assembly; schedule for conduct of business for 2006 Special Session.
- SJ5004: Commending the Jamestown High School girls' basketball team.
- SJ5034: Commending James Blair Middle School on the occasion of its 50th anniversary.
- SJ5052: Celebrating the life of Sheriff Charles Edward Moore, Sr.
- SJ5061: Celebrating the life of Marian Hornsby Bowditch.
- SR1: Rules of Senate; proposed amendment.
- SR2: Senate; 2006 operating budget.
- SR3: Kaine, Timothy M.; replica of chair used by former Lieutenant Governor to be issued thereto.
- SR4: Rules of Senate; proposed amendments.
- SR501: Senate; salaries, contingent and incidental expenses.