SB85: Involuntary temporary detention order; hearing after execution.
Be it enacted by the General Assembly of Virginia:
1. That §§ 19.2-169.6, 19.2-176, 19.2-182.9, 37.2-809, and 37.2-814 of the Code of Virginia are amended and reenacted as follows:
§ 19.2-169.6. Emergency treatment prior to trial.
A. Any defendant who is not subject to the provisions of § 19.2-169.2 may be hospitalized for psychiatric treatment prior to trial if:
1. The court with jurisdiction over the defendant's case, only after a face-to-face evaluation by an employee or designee of the local community services board or behavioral health authority who is skilled in the assessment and treatment of mental illness and who has completed a certification program approved by the Department as provided in § 37.2-809 finds clear and convincing evidence that the defendant (i) is being properly detained in jail prior to trial; (ii) has mental illness and that there exists a substantial likelihood that, as a result of mental illness, the defendant will, in the near future, cause serious physical harm to himself or others as evidenced by recent behavior causing, attempting, or threatening harm and other relevant information, if any, in the opinion of a qualified mental health professional; and (iii) requires treatment in a hospital rather than the jail in the opinion of a qualified mental health professional; or
2. The person having custody over a defendant who is awaiting trial has reasonable cause to believe that the defendant (i) has mental illness and that there exists a substantial likelihood that, as a result of mental illness, the defendant will, in the near future, cause serious physical harm to himself or others as evidenced by recent behavior causing, attempting, or threatening harm and other relevant information, if any, and (ii) requires treatment in a hospital rather than jail and the person having such custody arranges a face-to-face evaluation by an employee or designee of the local community services board or behavioral health authority who is skilled in the assessment and treatment of mental illness and who has completed a certification program approved by the Department as provided in § 37.2-809 provided a district court judge or a special justice, as defined in § 37.2-100 or, if a judge or special justice is not available, a magistrate, upon the advice of a person skilled in the diagnosis and treatment of mental illness, subsequently issues a temporary detention order for treatment in accordance with the procedures specified in §§ 37.2-809 through 37.2-813. In no event shall the defendant have the right to make application for voluntary admission and treatment as may be otherwise provided in § 37.2-805 or 37.2-814.
If the defendant is committed pursuant to subdivision 1 of
this subsection, the attorney for the defendant shall be notified that the
court is considering hospitalizing the defendant for psychiatric treatment and
shall have the opportunity to challenge the findings of the qualified mental
health professional. If the defendant is detained pursuant to subdivision 2 of
this subsection, the court having jurisdiction over the defendant's case and
the attorney for the defendant shall be given notice prior to the detention
pursuant to a temporary detention order or as soon thereafter as is reasonable.
Upon detention pursuant to subdivision 2 of this subsection, a hearing shall be
held, upon notice to the attorney for the defendant, either (i) before the
court having jurisdiction over the defendant's case or (ii) before a district
court judge or a special justice, as defined in § 37.2-100, in accordance with
the provisions of § 37.2-820, in which case the defendant shall be represented
by counsel as specified in § 37.2-814; the hearing shall be held within 48 no less than 24 hours
and no more than 72 hours of after
execution of the temporary detention
order issued pursuant to subdivision 2 of this subsection
to allow the court that hears the case to make the
findings, based upon clear and convincing evidence, that are specified in
subdivision 1 of this subsection. If the 48-hour 72-hour
period herein specified terminates on a Saturday, Sunday, or legal holiday, the
person may be detained for the same period allowed for detention pursuant to a
temporary detention order issued pursuant to §§ 37.2-809 through 37.2-813.
In any case in which the defendant is hospitalized pursuant to this section, the court having jurisdiction over the defendant's case may provide by order that the admitting hospital evaluate the defendant's competency to stand trial and his mental state at the time of the offense pursuant to §§ 19.2-169.1 and 19.2-169.5.
B. A defendant subject to this section shall be treated at a hospital designated by the Commissioner as appropriate for treatment and evaluation of persons under criminal charge. The director of the hospital shall, within 30 days of the defendant's admission, send a report to the court with jurisdiction over the defendant addressing the defendant's continued need for treatment for a mental illness and the continued substantial likelihood that, as a result of mental illness, the defendant will, in the near future, cause serious physical harm to himself or others as evidenced by recent behavior causing, attempting, or threatening such harm and other relevant information, if any, and, if so ordered by the court, the defendant's competency to stand trial, pursuant to subsection D of § 19.2-169.1, and his mental state at the time of the offense, pursuant to subsection D of § 19.2-169.5. Based on this report, the court shall (i) find the defendant incompetent to stand trial pursuant to subsection E of § 19.2-169.1 and proceed accordingly, (ii) order that the defendant be discharged from custody pending trial, (iii) order that the defendant be returned to jail pending trial, or (iv) make other appropriate disposition, including dismissal of charges and release of the defendant.
C. A defendant may not be hospitalized longer than 30 days under this section unless the court which has criminal jurisdiction over him or a district court judge or a special justice, as defined in § 37.2-100, holds a hearing at which the defendant shall be represented by an attorney and finds clear and convincing evidence that the defendant continues to (i) have a mental illness and that there continues to exist a substantial likelihood that, as a result of mental illness, the defendant will, in the near future, cause serious physical harm to himself or others as evidenced by recent behavior causing, attempting, or threatening harm and other relevant information, if any, and (ii) be in need of psychiatric treatment in a hospital. Hospitalization may be extended in this manner for periods of 60 days, but in no event may such hospitalization be continued beyond trial, nor shall such hospitalization act to delay trial, so long as the defendant remains competent to stand trial.
D. Any health care provider, as defined in § 32.1-127.1:03, or other provider rendering services to a defendant who is the subject of a proceeding under this section, § 19.2-176, or 19.2-177.1, upon request, shall disclose to a magistrate, the court, the defendant's attorney, the defendant's guardian ad litem, the qualified mental health professional, the community service board or behavioral health authority performing the evaluation, preadmission screening, or monitoring duties under these sections, or the sheriff or administrator of the jail any and all information that is necessary and appropriate to enable each of them to perform his duties under these sections. These health care providers and other service providers shall disclose to one another health records and information where necessary to provide care and treatment to the defendant and to monitor that care and treatment. Health records disclosed to a sheriff or administrator of the jail shall be limited to information necessary to protect the sheriff or administrator of the jail and his employees, the defendant, or the public from physical injury or to address the health care needs of the defendant. Information disclosed to a law-enforcement officer shall not be used for any other purpose, disclosed to others, or retained.
Any health care provider disclosing records pursuant to this section shall be immune from civil liability for any harm resulting from the disclosure, including any liability under the federal Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (42 U.S.C. § 1320d et seq.), as amended, unless the person or provider disclosing such records intended the harm or acted in bad faith.
E. Any order entered where a defendant is the subject of proceedings under this section, § 19.2-176, or 19.2-177.1 shall provide for the disclosure of medical records pursuant to subsection D. This subsection shall not preclude any other disclosures as required or permitted by law.
§ 19.2-176. Determination of insanity after conviction but before sentence; hearing.
A. If, after conviction and before sentence of any person, the judge presiding at the trial finds reasonable ground to question such person's mental state, he may order an evaluation of such person's mental state by an employee or designee of the local community services board or behavioral health authority who is skilled in the assessment and treatment of mental illness and who has completed a certification program approved by the Department as provided in § 37.2-809. If the judge, based on the evaluation, and after hearing representations of the defendant's counsel, finds clear and convincing evidence that the defendant (i) is mentally ill, and (ii) requires treatment in a mental hospital rather than the jail, he may order the defendant hospitalized in a facility designated by the Commissioner as appropriate for treatment of persons convicted of crime. The time such person is confined to such hospital shall be deducted from any term for which he may be sentenced to any penal institution, reformatory or elsewhere.
B. If it appears from all evidence readily available that the
defendant is mentally ill and that there exists a substantial likelihood that,
as a result of mental illness, the defendant will, in the near future, cause
serious physical harm to himself or others as evidenced by recent behavior
causing, attempting, or threatening harm and other relevant information, if
any, a temporary order of detention may be issued in accordance with
subdivision A 2 of § 19.2-169.6 and a hearing shall be conducted in accordance
with subsections A and C within 48
hours of no
less than 24 hours and no more than 72 hours after
execution of the temporary order of detention, or if the 48-hour 72-hour
period herein specified terminates on a Saturday, Sunday or legal holiday, such
person may be detained for the same period allowed for detention pursuant to an
order for temporary detention issued pursuant to §§ 37.2-809 to 37.2-813.
C. A defendant may not be hospitalized longer than thirty 30
days under this section unless the court which has criminal
jurisdiction over him, or a court designated by such court, holds a hearing, at
which the defendant shall be represented by an attorney, and finds clear and
convincing evidence that the defendant continues to be (i) mentally ill and
that there continues to exist a substantial likelihood that, as a result of
mental illness, the defendant will, in the near future, cause serious physical
harm to himself or others as evidenced by recent behavior causing, attempting,
or threatening harm and other relevant information, if any, and (ii) in need of
psychiatric treatment in a hospital. Hospitalization may be extended in this
manner for periods of 180 days, but in no event may such hospitalization be
continued beyond the date upon which his sentence would have expired had he
received the maximum sentence for the crime charged.
§ 19.2-182.9. Emergency custody of conditionally released acquittee.
When exigent circumstances do not permit compliance with
revocation procedures set forth in § 19.2-182.8, any district court judge or a
special justice, as defined in § 37.2-100, or a magistrate may issue an
emergency custody order, upon the sworn petition of any responsible person or
upon his own motion based upon probable cause to believe that an acquittee on
conditional release (i) has violated the conditions of his release or is no longer
a proper subject for conditional release and (ii) requires inpatient
hospitalization. The emergency custody order shall require the acquittee within
his judicial district to be taken into custody and transported to a convenient
location where a person designated by the community services board or
behavioral health authority who is skilled in the diagnosis and treatment of
mental illness shall evaluate such acquittee and assess his need for inpatient
hospitalization. A law-enforcement officer who, based on his observation or the
reliable reports of others, has probable cause to believe that any acquittee on
conditional release has violated the conditions of his release and is no longer
a proper subject for conditional release and requires emergency evaluation to
assess the need for inpatient hospitalization, may take the acquittee into
custody and transport him to an appropriate location to assess the need for
hospitalization without prior judicial authorization. The evaluation shall be
conducted immediately. The acquittee shall remain in custody until a temporary
detention order is issued or until he is released, but in no event shall the
period of custody exceed four hours. However, upon a finding by a district
court judge, special justice as defined in § 37.2-100, or magistrate that good
cause exists to grant an extension, the district court judge, special justice,
or magistrate shall extend the emergency custody order, or shall issue an order
extending the period of emergency custody, one time for an additional period
not to exceed two hours. Good cause for an extension includes the need for
additional time to allow (a) the community services board to identify a
suitable facility in which the person can be temporarily detained pursuant to
this section or (b) a medical evaluation of the person to be completed if
necessary. If it appears from all evidence readily available (i) that the
acquittee has violated the conditions of his release or is no longer a proper
subject for conditional release and (ii) that he requires emergency evaluation
to assess the need for inpatient hospitalization, the district court judge or a
special justice, as defined in § 37.2-100, or magistrate, upon the advice of
such person skilled in the diagnosis and treatment of mental illness, may issue
a temporary detention order authorizing the executing officer to place the
acquittee in an appropriate institution for
a period not to exceed 48 hours prior to a hearing and requiring that
a hearing be held no less than 24 hours and no more than 72 hours after execution
of the temporary detention order. If the 48-hour 72-hour
period terminates on a Saturday, Sunday, legal holiday, or day on which the
court is lawfully closed, the acquittee may be detained until the next day
which is not a Saturday, Sunday, legal holiday, or day on which the court is
lawfully closed.
The committing court or any district court judge or a special justice, as defined in § 37.2-100, shall have jurisdiction to hear the matter. Prior to the hearing, the acquittee shall be examined by a psychiatrist or licensed clinical psychologist, provided the psychiatrist or clinical psychologist is skilled in the diagnosis of mental illness, who shall certify whether the person is in need of hospitalization. At the hearing the acquittee shall be provided with adequate notice of the hearing, of the right to be present at the hearing, the right to the assistance of counsel in preparation for and during the hearing, and the right to introduce evidence and cross-examine witnesses at the hearing. Following the hearing, if the court determines, based on a preponderance of the evidence presented at the hearing, that the acquittee (i) has violated the conditions of his release or is no longer a proper subject for conditional release and (ii) has mental illness or mental retardation and is in need of inpatient hospitalization, the court shall revoke the acquittee's conditional release and place him in the custody of the Commissioner.
When an acquittee on conditional release pursuant to this chapter is taken into emergency custody, detained, or hospitalized, such action shall be considered to have been taken pursuant to this section, notwithstanding the fact that his status as an insanity acquittee was not known at the time of custody, detention, or hospitalization. Detention or hospitalization of an acquittee pursuant to provisions of law other than those applicable to insanity acquittees pursuant to this chapter shall not render the detention or hospitalization invalid. If a person's status as an insanity acquittee on conditional release is not recognized at the time of emergency custody or detention, at the time his status as such is verified, the provisions applicable to such persons shall be applied and the court hearing the matter shall notify the committing court of the proceedings.
§ 37.2-809. Involuntary temporary detention; issuance and execution of order.
A. For the purposes of this section:
"Designee of the local community services board" means an examiner designated by the local community services board who (i) is skilled in the assessment and treatment of mental illness, (ii) has completed a certification program approved by the Department, (iii) is able to provide an independent examination of the person, (iv) is not related by blood or marriage to the person being evaluated, (v) has no financial interest in the admission or treatment of the person being evaluated, (vi) has no investment interest in the facility detaining or admitting the person under this article, and (vii) except for employees of state hospitals and of the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, is not employed by the facility.
"Employee" means an employee of the local community services board who is skilled in the assessment and treatment of mental illness and has completed a certification program approved by the Department.
"Investment interest" means the ownership or holding of an equity or debt security, including shares of stock in a corporation, interests or units of a partnership, bonds, debentures, notes, or other equity or debt instruments.
B. A magistrate shall issue, upon the sworn petition of any responsible person, treating physician, or upon his own motion and only after an evaluation conducted in-person or by means of a two-way electronic video and audio communication system as authorized in § 37.2-804.1 by an employee or a designee of the local community services board to determine whether the person meets the criteria for temporary detention, a temporary detention order if it appears from all evidence readily available, including any recommendation from a physician or clinical psychologist treating the person, that the person (i) has a mental illness and that there exists a substantial likelihood that, as a result of mental illness, the person will, in the near future, (a) cause serious physical harm to himself or others as evidenced by recent behavior causing, attempting, or threatening harm and other relevant information, if any, or (b) suffer serious harm due to his lack of capacity to protect himself from harm or to provide for his basic human needs, (ii) is in need of hospitalization or treatment, and (iii) is unwilling to volunteer or incapable of volunteering for hospitalization or treatment, except that a temporary detention order for a minor pursuant to § 16.1-340 shall only be issued if the minor meets the criteria for involuntary commitment set forth in § 16.1-345. The magistrate shall also consider the recommendations of any treating or examining physician licensed in Virginia if available either verbally or in writing prior to rendering a decision. Any temporary detention order entered pursuant to this section shall provide for the disclosure of medical records pursuant to § 37.2-804.2. This subsection shall not preclude any other disclosures as required or permitted by law.
C. When considering whether there is probable cause to issue a temporary detention order, the magistrate may, in addition to the petition, consider (i) the recommendations of any treating or examining physician or psychologist licensed in Virginia, if available, (ii) any past actions of the person, (iii) any past mental health treatment of the person, (iv) any relevant hearsay evidence, (v) any medical records available, (vi) any affidavits submitted, if the witness is unavailable and it so states in the affidavit, and (vii) any other information available that the magistrate considers relevant to the determination of whether probable cause exists to issue a temporary detention order.
D. A magistrate may issue a temporary detention order without an emergency custody order proceeding. A magistrate may issue a temporary detention order without a prior evaluation pursuant to subsection B if (i) the person has been personally examined within the previous 72 hours by an employee or a designee of the local community services board or (ii) there is a significant physical, psychological, or medical risk to the person or to others associated with conducting such evaluation.
E. An employee or a designee of the local community services board shall determine the facility of temporary detention for all individuals detained pursuant to this section. The facility of temporary detention shall be one that has been approved pursuant to regulations of the Board. The facility shall be identified on the preadmission screening report and indicated on the temporary detention order. Except as provided in § 37.2-811 for defendants requiring hospitalization in accordance with subdivision A 2 of § 19.2-169.6, the person shall not be detained in a jail or other place of confinement for persons charged with criminal offenses and shall remain in the custody of law enforcement until the person is either detained within a secure facility or custody has been accepted by the appropriate personnel designated by the facility identified in the temporary detention order.
F. Any facility caring for a person placed with it pursuant to a temporary detention order is authorized to provide emergency medical and psychiatric services within its capabilities when the facility determines that the services are in the best interests of the person within its care. The costs incurred as a result of the hearings and by the facility in providing services during the period of temporary detention shall be paid and recovered pursuant to § 37.2-804. The maximum costs reimbursable by the Commonwealth pursuant to this section shall be established by the State Board of Medical Assistance Services based on reasonable criteria. The State Board of Medical Assistance Services shall, by regulation, establish a reasonable rate per day of inpatient care for temporary detention.
G. The employee or the designee of the local community services board who is conducting the evaluation pursuant to this section shall determine, prior to the issuance of the temporary detention order, the insurance status of the person. Where coverage by a third party payor exists, the facility seeking reimbursement under this section shall first seek reimbursement from the third party payor. The Commonwealth shall reimburse the facility only for the balance of costs remaining after the allowances covered by the third party payor have been received.
H. The duration of temporary detention shall be sufficient to
allow for completion of the examination required by § 37.2-815, preparation of
the preadmission screening report required by § 37.2-816, and initiation of
mental health treatment to stabilize the person's psychiatric condition to
avoid involuntary commitment where possible, but shall not exceed 4872
hours prior to a hearing. If the 48-hour72-hour period herein specified
terminates on a Saturday, Sunday, or legal holiday, the person may be detained,
as herein provided, until the close of business on the next day that is not a
Saturday, Sunday, or legal holiday. The person may be released, pursuant to §
37.2-813, before the 48-hour period herein specified has run.
I. If a temporary detention order is not executed within 24 hours of its issuance, or within a shorter period as is specified in the order, the order shall be void and shall be returned unexecuted to the office of the clerk of the issuing court or, if the office is not open, to any magistrate serving the jurisdiction of the issuing court. Subsequent orders may be issued upon the original petition within 96 hours after the petition is filed. However, a magistrate must again obtain the advice of an employee or a designee of the local community services board prior to issuing a subsequent order upon the original petition. Any petition for which no temporary detention order or other process in connection therewith is served on the subject of the petition within 96 hours after the petition is filed shall be void and shall be returned to the office of the clerk of the issuing court.
J. The chief judge of each general district court shall establish and require that a magistrate, as provided by this section, be available seven days a week, 24 hours a day, for the purpose of performing the duties established by this section. Each community services board shall provide to each general district court and magistrate's office within its service area a list of its employees and designees who are available to perform the evaluations required herein.
K. For purposes of this section a healthcare provider or designee of a local community services board or behavioral health authority shall not be required to encrypt any email containing information or medical records provided to a magistrate unless there is reason to believe that a third party will attempt to intercept the email.
L. The employee or designee of the community services board who is conducting the evaluation pursuant to this section shall, if he recommends that the person should not be subject to a temporary detention order, inform the petitioner and an on-site treating physician of his recommendation.
§ 37.2-814. Commitment hearing for involuntary admission; written explanation; right to counsel; rights of petitioner.
A. The commitment hearing for involuntary admission shall be
held after a sufficient period of time has passed to allow for completion of
the examination required by § 37.2-815, preparation of the preadmission
screening report required by § 37.2-816, and initiation of mental health
treatment to stabilize the person's psychiatric condition to avoid involuntary
commitment where possible, but in no
event shall the commitment hearing for involuntary admission be held within 24
hours of execution of the temporary detention order issued pursuant to § 37.2-809. The
commitment hearing for involuntary admission shall be held
within 48 72
hours of the execution of the temporary detention order as provided for in §
37.2-809; however, if the 48-hour 72-hour period herein
specified terminates on a Saturday, Sunday, legal holiday, or day on which the
court is lawfully closed, the person may be detained, as herein provided, until
the close of business on the next day that is not a Saturday, Sunday, legal
holiday, or day on which the court is lawfully closed.
B. At the commencement of the commitment hearing, the district
court judge or special justice shall inform the person whose involuntary
admission is being sought of his right to apply for voluntary admission for
inpatient treatment as provided for in § 37.2-805 and shall afford the person
an opportunity for voluntary admission. The district court judge or special
justice shall advise the person whose involuntary admission is being sought
that if the person chooses to be voluntarily admitted pursuant to § 37.2-805, such person will be prohibited from
possessing or, purchasing, or transporting a firearm
pursuant to § 18.2-308.1:3. The judge or special justice shall ascertain if the
person is then willing and capable of seeking voluntary admission for inpatient
treatment. In determining whether a person is capable of consenting to
voluntary admission, the judge or special justice may consider evidence
regarding the person's past compliance or noncompliance with treatment. If the
judge or special justice finds that the person is capable and willingly accepts
voluntary admission for inpatient treatment, the judge or special justice shall
require him to accept voluntary admission for a minimum period of treatment not
to exceed 72 hours. After such minimum period of treatment, the person shall
give the facility 48 hours' notice prior to leaving the facility. During this
notice period, the person shall not be discharged except as provided in §
37.2-837, 37.2-838, or 37.2-840. The person shall be subject to the
transportation provisions as provided in § 37.2-829 and the requirement for
preadmission screening by a community services board as provided in § 37.2-805 § 37.2-816.
C. If a person is incapable of accepting or unwilling to accept voluntary admission and treatment, the judge or special justice shall inform the person of his right to a commitment hearing and right to counsel. The judge or special justice shall ascertain if the person whose admission is sought is represented by counsel, and, if he is not represented by counsel, the judge or special justice shall appoint an attorney to represent him. However, if the person requests an opportunity to employ counsel, the judge or special justice shall give him a reasonable opportunity to employ counsel at his own expense.
D. A written explanation of the involuntary admission process and the statutory protections associated with the process shall be given to the person, and its contents shall be explained by an attorney prior to the commitment hearing. The written explanation shall describe, at a minimum, the person's rights to (i) retain private counsel or be represented by a court-appointed attorney, (ii) present any defenses including independent evaluation and expert testimony or the testimony of other witnesses, (iii) be present during the hearing and testify, (iv) appeal any order for involuntary admission to the circuit court, and (v) have a jury trial on appeal. The judge or special justice shall ascertain whether the person whose involuntary admission is sought has been given the written explanation required herein.
E. To the extent possible, during or before the commitment hearing, the attorney for the person whose involuntary admission is sought shall interview his client, the petitioner, the examiner described in § 37.2-815, the community services board staff, and any other material witnesses. He also shall examine all relevant diagnostic and other reports, present evidence and witnesses, if any, on his client's behalf, and otherwise actively represent his client in the proceedings. A health care provider shall disclose or make available all such reports, treatment information, and records concerning his client to the attorney, upon request. The role of the attorney shall be to represent the wishes of his client, to the extent possible.
F. The petitioner shall be given adequate notice of the place, date, and time of the commitment hearing. The petitioner shall be entitled to retain counsel at his own expense, to be present during the hearing, and to testify and present evidence. The petitioner shall be encouraged but shall not be required to testify at the hearing, and the person whose involuntary admission is sought shall not be released solely on the basis of the petitioner's failure to attend or testify during the hearing.